Ethnic violence has led to a re-entrenchment of dictatorship following the Arab Spring’s collapse | Democracy, elections and voting at Democracy Chronicles

At the annual Manama Dialogue in Bahrain, an elite Middle East security summit held in late October, the keynote speaker was Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi. Surrounded by a phalanx of bodyguards, General el-Sissi took the stage and addressed a packed audience of ministers, diplomats and senior U.S. State Department officials. He talked of Egypt’s role in…